Integrated circuit

Some basic component of IC

Resistor
A resistor is an electrical component that restricts the flow of current in the circuit.  Resistor can also be used to afford a specific voltage to a transistor. When current flows through the resistor, the resistor absorbs the electrical energy and degenerates it in the form of heat. 
Capacitor
A capacitor is a two terminal linear passive component which is made from  two conductive plates with an insulator between them. The main function of a capacitor is that it stores electrical energy when an electric charge is forced onto its terminals from a power source.
Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit that assembles all the features that are found in the microprocessor.  
Transformer
A transformer is an electrical device which consists of two coils of wire, that are linked by an iron core. It offers the  much needed capability of changing the current and voltage levels easily. The main function of the transformer is that to increase (step-up) or decrease(step-down) AC voltages.
Fuse
A fuse is a material or a piece of wire which   is used to protect the components from destruction due to excessive current flowing through them. When an excessive current flows through the circuit, the wires get heated up and get damaged. As a result, the current stops flowing. When the fuse melts due to overflow of current then, the element of the fuse absorbs some energy.
Transistors
The Transistor is an electronic device, which consists of three terminals, made of semiconductor material which controls the flow of voltage or current and acts as a switch for electronic signals. There are two types of transistors PNP and NPN, most circuits tend to use NPN transistor. 
Diode/LED (Light Emitting Diode)
A diode is a device, which is made from semiconductor material that allows current to flow in one direction; it blocks the current which tries to go against the flow in a wire. These devices are often used in many electronic circuits that convert AC to DC. 

Thanks for reading 

Dhiraj kumar